This study aims to clarify the characteristics of job satisfaction among dairy farm employees, focusing on farm scale and organizational structure. The main outcomes are as follows. First, variances in workforce size lead to different organizational structures—large farms have formal departments that small farms lack. Second, these structural differences affect job content. On large farms, employee roles are specialized and divided; in contrast, on small farms, employees perform multiple tasks. Third, these differences are associated with different drivers of job satisfaction. On large farms, satisfaction depends more on wages, labor hours, working conditions, and opportunities for skill development. On small farms, it depends more on human relations and clear roles. In particular, on small, non-departmental farms where each person has multiple tasks, managers should clarify roles, responsibilities, and decision-making authority, and pay close attention to workplace relationships.
