The wide distribution of serotonin (5-HT) receptors and 5-HT-mediated effects suggest that 5-HT has important physiological and/or pathophysiological roles in the peripheral nervous system. Recent studies about the localization and release of 5-HT in the peripheral nervous system suggest that 5-HT likely plays a functional role in regulating discharge of autonomic neurons and modulating sensory afferent neurons. The electrophysiological approach has the merit of measuring a direct effect of 5-HT on its receptor. In this review, much of our described work focuses on effects mediated via 5-HT3-receptors on respiration and circulation using electrophysiological techniques, and we consider whether these actions of 5-HT have physiological and/or pathophysiological significance.