Abstract
As a globally important oil crop, peanuts have seen significant advancements in genome sequencing and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in recent years, providing a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for molecular breeding. This paper systematically reviews the latest progress in peanut genome sequencing, analyzing the genome structure characteristics, developments in sequencing technology, and its applications in genetic improvement. It also provides a detailed summary of the application of QTL mapping in key traits such as oil content, fatty acid synthesis, and lipid metabolism, highlighting the core gene regions associated with these traits. Furthermore, the paper explores the application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in studying important agronomic traits in peanuts and delves into the functional analysis of genes related to lipid metabolism. By integrating the latest advances in genomics and molecular breeding, this paper discusses future research priorities and challenges, emphasizing the great potential of genomic information in precision breeding. The aim is to provide valuable insights for peanut genome research and the optimization of breeding strategies.
