Abstract
Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining soil health and ecosystem functions. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which soil microorganisms contribute to carbon cycling, nutrient transformation, aggregate formation, plant stress regulation, and pollution remediation. Microorganisms significantly enhance nutrient cycling and ecological productivity in soils by decomposing organic matter, sequestering carbon, and regulating the availability of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Additionally, microorganisms improve soil physical structure and increase ecosystem resilience by enhancing soil aggregate stability and boosting plant stress tolerance. Furthermore, soil microorganisms show great potential in the remediation of pollutants such as microplastics, heavy metals, and pesticides. As microbiome research progresses, microbial diversity has emerged as a key indicator for assessing soil health. This paper explores the application prospects of soil microorganisms in sustainable agriculture and environmental restoration, highlighting the importance of microbial community research in soil health evaluation and providing a scientific basis for future soil management and remediation technologies.
