Abstract
Global climate change and water scarcity pose severe challenges to wheat yield and stability, enhancing wheat drought resistance as a critical goal in modern breeding. In recent years, genomic selection technology has brought significant breakthroughs in breeding wheat for drought resistance. This paper systematically reviews the physiological and genetic basis of drought-resistant traits in wheat, identifies key genes and quantitative trait loci regulating drought resistance, and explores the application of genomic selection in drought-resistant breeding. The main content includes the role of genome-wide association studies in identifying drought-resistance genes, the construction of genomic prediction models, and their contribution to improving breeding efficiency. The functional analysis of drought-related genes and the application prospects of gene editing technologies in drought-resistance breeding are also discussed. By integrating high-throughput phenotyping and multi-environment trials, the precision of genomic selection has been significantly enhanced, providing solid support for developing drought-resistant varieties. Lastly, the paper summarizes global collaborations in drought resistance breeding and anticipates the potential of smart breeding technologies in future drought resistance improvement. This review of the latest progress in genomic selection and breeding for wheat drought resistance offers valuable academic insights for future improvements in wheat drought tolerance.
