Abstract
Soil salinization is a critical environmental issue restricting agricultural production and ecosystem health globally, making its effective management a core topic in agricultural and environmental science research. With the continued expansion of saline-alkali land, developing innovative remediation technologies and integrated management strategies is very important. This paper systematically reviews key research directions and major challenges in soil salinization management: (1) the dynamic changes in microbial community structure and function in saline-alkali soils, with a focus on the interaction mechanisms between microbes and plant roots and their potential in soil remediation; (2) the molecular basis of plant salt tolerance, analyzing the regulatory networks and metabolic pathways of salt tolerance genes under saline-alkali stress, providing theoretical support for breeding salt-tolerant crops; (3) the synergistic effects and optimization strategies of bioremediation combined with physicochemical treatment technologies; (4) the development and application of novel saline-alkali soil amendments, emphasizing their roles in improving soil structure, ionic balance, and water retention; (5) innovative water management techniques for saline-alkali soils, investigating the impact of precise water regulation on crop yield and quality; and (6) the interactions between heavy metals and salinity in saline-alkali soils and their ecological risk assessment, uncovering potential threats to soil ecological functions and sustainable agriculture while proposing scientific management strategies. These advancements provide technical support for the efficient use and sustainable management of saline-alkali land and contribute significantly to global food security and environmental improvement.
