Abstract
Phytogeography, as a core discipline studying the distribution patterns of plants on Earth and their environmental driving mechanisms, has made remarkable progress over the past decades. This paper systematically reviews the classification and distribution characteristics of global flora. It explores the driving roles of environmental factors such as climate, soil, and geology in the formation and evolution of plant flora. It highlights the dynamic changes and historical pathways of plant distribution patterns across different regions. Additionally, the paper emphasizes modern research methods in phytogeography, including the application of remote sensing technology, geographic information systems, and the development of flora models for future distribution predictions. In the context of biodiversity conservation and global climate change, the study discusses the potential applications of phytogeography in ecosystem management and sustainable development. It also identifies key directions and challenges for future research. By uncovering plant distribution's spatial patterns and environmental responses, phytogeography provides essential theoretical foundations and practical insights for understanding ecosystem dynamics and addressing global environmental changes.
