Abstract
Saline-alkali soils represent a critical constraint on global agricultural sustainability, posing serious threats to soil health, crop productivity, and ecological stability. In recent years, nanomaterials have emerged as a promising technological frontier for soil remediation due to their large surface area, high reactivity, and tunable functionalities. This paper systematically summarizes nanomaterials' multidimensional roles and ecological implications in saline-alkali soil improvement. Five core research themes are explored: (1) ion passivation and salt migration control mechanisms via nanomaterials; (2) development of nanocarrier-based precision delivery systems for plant anti-stress agents; (3) synergistic strategies combining nanomaterials with halotolerant microorganisms for enhanced soil–plant–microbe interactions; (4) construction of in-situ nano-sensing platforms for real-time soil monitoring and early warning; and (5) assessment of long-term ecological impacts and environmental fate of nanomaterials in saline environments. These frontiers underscore a shift from conventional remediation to integrated, intelligent, and sustainable approaches. Future research should focus on mechanism elucidation, field adaptability, and ecological safety frameworks to support the scalable application of nanotechnology in soil salinization control.
