抄録
Soil aggregates are fundamental units of soil structure, playing a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility, regulating ecosystem functions, and promoting environmental protection. This paper comprehensively reviews the development of research on soil aggregates, systematically summarizes aggregate fractionation methods and particle size classification techniques, and analyzes their applicability and limitations in different research contexts. By examining the structural units and key properties of aggregates, the study focuses on the roles of mineral particles, organic matter, iron oxides, and biological activities in the mechanisms of aggregate formation, highlighting the distinct driving forces behind the formation and stabilization of microaggregates and macroaggregates, including the synergistic effects of microscopic chemical reactions and macroscopic physical-mechanical processes. Furthermore, the paper investigates the specific effects of dynamic changes in pH, cation concentration, and redox conditions on aggregate formation and stability in two typical environments: paddy soils and riparian soils. These analyses elucidate how such environmental factors regulate the structural evolution of aggregates in specialized soil systems. Finally, the paper summarizes the major advancements and challenges in current soil aggregate research and explores its potential applications in soil resource management and ecological protection. By enhancing the understanding of the mechanisms underlying aggregate formation and stabilization, particularly under unique environmental conditions, this paper aims to provide scientific insights for the development of effective soil management strategies and the improvement of soil health.
