依田学海が見た清国軍人・丁汝昌

―日清戦争と明治の知識人―

抄録

　This paper focuses on Gakkai Nichiroku and Bokusui Bessho Zatsuroku，diaries written by Yoda Gakkai (1833-1909), a famous Japanese scholar of Chinese classics and drama critic. The former was maintained for 45 years, from the end of the Edo period until the 34^th year of the Meiji era. The latter was written in classical Chinese. This paper traces statements made in both of these diaries during the Sino-Japanese War, particularly the words and actions of Commodore Ding Ruchang of Qing, and examines Gakkai’s attitude toward the war.

　Ding Ruchang was often at the center of diplomatic conflicts between Japan and China. He sailed to Japan commanding the North Sea Fleet. His tragic end—the Japanese army compelled him to commit suicide—greatly impacted Japan. Gakkai’s diary comprises fragments of statements that cover almost all aspects of the relationship between Japan and Ding Ruchang and the Chinese poems he wrote when he visited Japan and faced death.

　Gakkai was convinced that the war was just and fully supported Japan. Simultaneously, being a scholar of Chinese classics, he criticized the Qing dynasty from the point of view held by Chinese classics. These two positions positively signified Gakkai’s participation in the war. However, in the postwar era, a large gap emerged between these two positions, reflecting Gakkai’s contradictory feelings—his sense of pride at establishing Japan’s status in the international community and his distress at losing Qing’s support and being forced to fall back from the frontline of Chinese classical literature and academics.