北海道立北方民族博物館研究紀要
Online ISSN : 2435-0451
Print ISSN : 0918-3159
秋営地におけるツァータンの日帰り放牧
家畜誘導技法と放牧中のトナカイの行動について
中田 篤
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研究報告書・技術報告書 フリー

2007 年 16 巻 p. 037-054

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Day-trip herding is one of the important tasks for pastoral peoples. However, information about these tasks, especially of the taiga type reindeer herders has been seldom reported in the past. In this report, the author presents data for reindeer day-trip herding, livestock leading methods and behavior of the reindeer in the Tsaatan’s autumn pasture in northwestern part of Mongolia. In day-trip herding reindeer are lead to the pasture every morning, and retrieved back to the camp site every evening. Livestock are lead by 2-3 herders through different stimuli such as using different kinds of voices, whistling, and hitting them with sticks. Most of the stimuli induce the reindeer to run away, but some are to call them. In addition, these stimuli are used more frequently when herding reindeer compared with stimuli used in goat and sheep herding observed in Africa. In autumn pasture, reindeer are grazed two by two. This is done to restrict their mobility and to prevent fawns from suckling. For that purpose, does and fawns are paired off into couples. Reindeer are not always formed in a dense flock in the pasture. They start in a large group, then disperse into smaller groups while grazing, and gradually gather in large flocks again, repeatedly parting and rejoining. In addition, during most of the grazing time flocks keep still in the pasture area although the pasture is not enclosed by fences or walls. There seem to be the ridges around the pasture that play a role for enclosure.

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