抄録
Before the Soviet System, part of the inhabitants of three settlements in the northern area of Karaga District of Kamchatka, Pustoretsk, Rekinniki, Podkagernoye conducted small-scale reindeer-herding along with fishing and sea-mammal hunting. This compound subsistence including reindeer-herding in addition to hunting-gathering is similar to that of the Olutor of the Bering Sea coast. Moreover, it is very interesting that both these Koryak groups exceptionally had masks which were thought to be very rare throughout the Kamchatka.
With the progress of the Soviet System, many kolkhozy were established in the area of the Olutor and also in the settlements of north-eastern Karaga District where small-scale reindeer-herding were conducted. Later in the early 1960s, reorganization of collective farms of reindeer-herding was proposed due to deteriorating management at kolkhozy. Therefore, many new reindeer-herding sovkhozy were established in various regions of northern Kamchatka by combining a number of kolkhozy to form one sovkhoz. However, many viJlages were closed and inhabitants of these villages were forced to remove to new villages.
This paper focuses on the aftermath of the Soviet System on the indigenous people of Kamchatka through the consideration of indigenous history in the northern area of Karaga District associated with establishment of kolkhozy and sovkhozy.
