Three-dimensional (3-D) image measurement is a technique that uses a digital camera to determine the shape and dimensions of the surface of an object. Although it has been studied for a long time, various problems still remain to be solved for practical applications. The goal of our research is to solve these problems and to develop a 3-D camera that can be used for practical 3-D image measurements. This paper analyzes the problems associated with the conventional technology and introduces development goals for the new 3-D camera. The key techniques of this 3-D camera are explained, including techniques for optimizing the intensity-modulation pattern projection, controlling the projection pattern intensity, determining the projection position, and controlling the stripe period. The system is evaluated and some examples of applications are given. The proposed 3-D camera can automatically adjust for variations in an object's size, form, surface color, and reflection characteristics and it can measure non-stationary objects. Consequently, it has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications including product quality control, human measurement, and face recognition.
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