In order to prove the validity of prediction of penetration depth using Hablanian plot, we have compared experimentally-obtained penetration depths with those predicted by Hablanian plot and linear multiple regression analysis. The experimental results with ~1200 data points were obtained from bead-on-plate welding tests by the laser job shop. Stainless steel plates and four types of industrial CW lasers were used in these tests. From linear multiple regression analysis, it was found that dominating factors were laser power, welding speed, and spot diameter. On the other hand, we can predict the penetration depth using the 3th-degree polynomial fitting curve (standard curve) expressed by Hablanian plot with two dimensionless parameters. The fitting difference between the standard curve and a data point results in the error of prediction. From Hablanian plot, it showed (1) that this fitting difference was dependent on some factors (such as laser power, welding speed, power density, and penetration depth), (2) that the fitting difference was, respectively, negative and positive in the lower and middle welding speed ranges, and (3) that the penetration depth could be precisely predicted by correcting the fitting difference in welding speed from the standard curve compared to the results predicted by linear multiple regression analysis.
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