Previously, methods of estimating the D layer electron density profile by using the VLF reflection coefficients were studied by solving a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind(1)(2). In this paper, a Fredholm integral equation not belonging to the first to third kinds is obtained for the receiving antenna output voltages for vertical polarizations, assuming known ground wave field strengths. The solution of this equation is iteratively calculated by a full wave technique(1)(2). A simulation of its solution is performed with simulated voltage measurements that include relative phase errors and multi-reflected components from the ionosphere. Voltages inferred from both exponential profiles and in-situ electron density profile measurements are used as input to the simulation. The estimated electron density profile shows fairly good agreement with both the exponential profiles and the insitu measurements.
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