In general, conventional power generators, which are scheduled to operate in unit commitment (UC) planning based on power generation and demand forecasts, have their output regulated to maintain the power balance and to minimize their operational cost for demand and supply operation in power systems. The number of operating (connecting) generators determines whether the power balance can be maintained or not. During load dispatch, it is difficult to start-up or stop generators at once for securing regulating capacity. A power surplus occurs if outputs less than the minimum outputs are requested of the connected generators, whereas a power shortfall occurs if outputs greater than the maximum outputs are requested. In this study, we analyze the relationship between the supply-demand balance and the domain of the existence of the number of connected generators for determining UC in a power system with a large integration of renewable energy sources. Moreover, we discuss quantitatively the impact of the power system conditions on the supply-demand balance using two-dimensional diagrams and numerical simulations.
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