Primary Dengue Fever Associated with Hemophagocytic Syndrome: A Report of Three Imported Cases, Bordeaux, France

Abstract

The dengue virus is responsible for a wide range of symptoms that can be classified into two distinct syndromes: classical dengue fever and severe dengue fever. Among the complicating forms, hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) has been previously reported in case series of patients with secondary dengue fever outside of endemic settings. Of note, the occurrence of HPS has not yet been included among the criteria for defining severe dengue fever. We herein present three patients with HPS related to confirmed primary dengue virus infection. Clinicians should therefore consider hemophagocytosis as a complication during severe dengue infection in naïve patients.