Monocular Oculomotor Nerve Disorder Manifesting as Cranial Neuropathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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We herein report the case of a patient who developed peripheral neuropathy of the bilateral lower legs that later became complicated with isolated oculomotor nerve disorder and was finally diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Based on the findings for oculomotor nerve paralysis and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging findings for the oculomotor nerve in the prepontine cistern, the isolated oculomotor nerve disorder was considered to be a manifestation of peripheral neuropathy. This oculomotor nerve disorder may contribute to the diagnosis of SLE and can be effectively treated with steroid pulse therapy. Reports of SLE manifesting as isolated oculomotor nerve paralysis are rare.