In 1971 Deposit Insurance Corporation was established as a Governmental institution to insure bank deposits preventing breakdown of the financial system. A new Governmental institution called The Resolution and Collection Corporation was established after the burst of bubble economy in 1999. The function of the new institution was to purchase bad loans held by private financial institutions. In 2003 another Governmental institution called Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan was established with an aim to administer debts and credits of failing corporations. Thus a deposit insurance institution has turned out to be a quasi- banking institution managed by the Government.