This paper attempts to examine the factors of differences among residents' attitudes and behaviour toward community activities for the improvement of townscape, and to consider the significance of the newly designated boundary of a community. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents of the community in Kuroe, Kainan city, Wakayama, where some old lacquer-ware industry buildings still exist. The main findings of the survey are as follows: (1) a positive attitude is related to residents' recognition of the value of their relationship with their neighbours and the area, and (2) the negative attitude of some residents toward community improvement activities seem to have changed to positive attitude after being involved in these activities and realizing their value to the townscape of the area.
