混飼家禽群 (シチメンチヨウ・ガチヨウ・アヒル) の群構造-特に空間的にあらわれた群間緊張について

抄録

The inter-specific relations among three species of domestic fowls, turkeys (T : 3_??__??_, 7_??__??_), geese (G : 3_??__??_, 5_??__??_) and ducks (D : 6_??__??_, 9_??__??_) reared in a common aviary were observed from November 1954 to April 1955. The pattern of the spatial distribution of each species was concerned together with their interaction in case of locomotion.
Groups of three species behaved independently each other both spatially and temporally, that is, a specific grouping was established and these groups acted also as the locomoting units except T-group which was not so tightly integrated. G exhibited remarkable escape response to the mere approach of T without a observable threatening, and D escaped more intensively, from the approach of G with or without threatening, but apparently from that of T. Consequently the locomotion pattern of these flocks was regulated principally through a chain order of T→G→D→. Formally, a dominance order of linear type (T>G>D) may be pointed out, however, the following two findings are note-worthy ; 1) The inter-specific tensions in each pair of two specific flocks. differed qualitatively from each other. 2) The relative sharing of the limited space was held mainly by the escape of subordinate groups before the actual aggression of dominant groups.
In feeding situation, D stood at a more advanced position than G because the existence of dominant-T, resulted in the avoidance of G for food-box i. e., the difference between the inter-group tension between T-G and that between_T-D were showed clearly.