2023 年 88 巻 3 号 p. 217-232
Land seismic surveys in active island arcs, such as Japanese islands, often cannot satisfy desired imaging results due to three difficulties. We describe these main difficulties and present an integrated solution. Firstly, scattering of high frequency signals degrades imaging quality. Consequently, broadband acquisition technologies were utilized to acquire low frequency signals which penetrate deeply. Secondly, irregular geometries bring acquisition footprints and low S/N imaging results. In response, multi-dip common reflection surface(MDRS)has been adopted to enhance imaging quality. An issue with MDRS is that it only outputs zero offset stacked data and pre-stack migration is not applicable afterward. In this study, we newly introduced pre-stack MDRS which outputs offset gathers and can improve the imaging quality and accuracy of reflection velocity analysis. The last difficulty is subsurface heterogeneity, which causes errors in migration velocity analysis and degrades the imaging quality. Therefore, the combination of full waveform inversion(FWI)and pre-stack depth migration(PSDM)has been adopted. FWI can delineate velocity information in such a region where reflection signals are too limited to be used by reflection velocity analysis. PSDM can also improve the imaging quality by using the velocity estimated by FWI, which includes shallow information affecting the imaging quality. Although each technique can be applied to improve imaging quality, its effectiveness is greater when integrated. We developed an integrated workflow to improve the imaging quality and applied the workflow to real field data. The results show 1)that low frequency signals can delineate deep reflectors effectively, 2)that pre-stack MDRS can improve the imaging quality and accuracy of reflection velocity analysis, and 3)that FWI can accurately estimate velocity and thus PSDM can improve the final imaging quality.