The past land connections are discussed in comparing with a number of closely related surviving species of animals in both the Continent and the Japanese Islands. The data used consist of animals whose species were precisely studied taxonomically with the development of their sudspecies. Their distribution areas, ecology and habits are also taken into account as far as possible. The taxonomic and zoogeographical material obtained by such a method may offer certain evidences to suggest the land connections, through which the surviving species of animals, or their ancestors, invaded the Japanese Islands from abroad.