Neotectonic Researches in Japan have advanced as an applied geology. In 1891, a great earthquake occurred in the provinces Mino and Owari in Central Japan. After this earthquake, for the purpose of taking preventive measures against earthquake disasters, the Japanese Earthquake Investigation Committee was organized and geologists began to study geotectonic meaning of earthquakes and eruption of volcanoes. After the earthquake of Kwanto Areas in 1923, the Earthquake Research Institute was established in the University of Tokyo and studies of neotectonic structure of the Japanese Islands became active. In the recent years, neotectonic studies have advanced exceedingly for several purposes, such as co-operation with the International Upper Mantle Project, prediction of the region where risk of earthquake may be large, and dynamic and hydrographic survey of the ground of industrial areas. Character of the studies in the recent years has changed from qualitative to quantitative.