「記憶」による都市コミュニティの統合

──東京都立川市の都営団地の建替えと自治会再編──

抄録

　How do “memories” influence the process of integration of urban communities? This paper aims to discuss this question through a case study of the public housing project “Tachikawa Danchi” in Tokyo, rebuilt in the late 1990s, which led to the reorganization of the neighborhood associations.

　“Regional memories” were recognized as significant in previous works on urban communities in Japan(Okuda 1984; 1993, Iwasaki et al. 2013). These studies pointed out that “memories” still exist in a significant way in the people of traditional townships and in their lifestyles. But these studies did not look into the possibilities and power of “memories” in the integration of various residents into a community. In this paper, I have classified “memories” into two categories. One is in which memory is based on social relations and the common experience of people. This category of memory will be referred to as “realitybased memory.” The other category includes memory which is constructed as a vision of a community by people. This will be referred to as “constructed memory.”

　From this study I arrived at two theoretical findings. First, “reality-based memory” integrates a community, through a transformation into “constructed memory.” This process is followed by a phase in which a connection is established between “reality-based memory” and the idea of the community. In “Tachikawa Danchi,” the memory of the people who lived there in the 1980s before the rebuilding project, was connected to a vision of a whole community through newsletters. Second, “reality-based memory” had a role as fasteners that fix people, who share social relations and a common experience. It still keeps people tied to the social network.

　In conclusion, this paper brings in a theoretical impetus to “memories” and their role in urban community studies. Both categories of “memories” are necessary in the integration of an urban community. We should comprehend sustainable integration of an urban community as happening through the connection established with the idea of community and a process which fixes people into a specific social network.