ジェンダー規範に見る旧社会主義圏の特異性：ミクロデータによる接近，ロシアの場合

抄録

This paper uses micro-data to show differences in normative attitudes towards the division of labor in households between former socialist countries and OECD countries. The results reveal a gap between the OECD countries and the former socialist countries in general. Among the latter, Russia tends to be more accepting traditional norms than the OECD countries, and the trend is stable.

The phenomenon of the positive correlation between female labor participation rate and total fertility rate in developed countries has long attracted attention in demography from the viewpoint that "work-family harmony" can have a positive impact on fertility. In the data examined, we extract (1) a clear negative correlation between fertility and the attitude of "accepting" the traditional norms of division of labor between men and women in the household, and (2) an clear negative correlation between fertility and the weak division of labor between men and women in the household. In this respect, the widespread acceptance of the traditional domestic norms of division of labor in the former socialist countries, where the social division of labor was considered to be the most advanced under the socialist regime, is striking.

Looking at Russia, the picture emerges that there is no clear correlation between age group and education level and the traditional division of labor. Note that comparing highly educated women's group across different time points is not an appropriate approach, since the data cover a period of about 20 years and the heterogeneity of respondents classified as the same group on the basis of educational level increases over time. However, it could be interpreted as casting a shadow on possible future prospects, such as whether the rise in educational attainment contributes to the achievement of gender equality.