毛澤東の初期教育思想・政策の特徴についての研究(III 投稿論文)

抄録

Educational activities of Mao Zedong which began from his younger days could be timely distributed into three periods. The first stage is until 1927. During this period, Chinese intelectuals started to grope for remodeling the old Chinese cultural ideology, and in 1927 Chinese Communist Party was organized. The mid-term is until the founding of the new China in 1949. This is a period of construction of a neo-democratic culture ideology in the area controlled by the Chinese Communist Party. The latter period is until the end of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. During this period, socialism culture thought spreads through over the whole land of the continent of China. There is no doubt that the initial educational thought of Mao Zedong was enriched through the reception of Marxism thought. However, the educational policy which was represented in Mao's mid-term and latter term education thought is basically an extension of his early days' educational thought and policy, so, this essay will focus on the educational thought of Mao's early days. There are four characteristics in the educational thought and policy of Mao's early days. The first, Mao reminded facing the crisis of the nation and advocated the independence, prosperity and powerfulness as the aim of education. The second, Mao keenly criticized the aristocratic education, and proposed the education for the common people. The third, Mao criticized the negligence of physical education in school. He asserted that morality, intelligence and physical education should be equally considered in school. The forth, Mao pointed out that an intellectual should not isolate himself from the working class. He emphasized that there should be a system that all workers could have a chance to study. Concerning to the connection with Confucianism, Mao received the influence of Confucian teaching called "setting an aim in his or her own life", but he aimed at saving the country and the people, which surpassed the personal thought of loyalty and filial piety. Although Mao criticized education contents of "four Chinese classics" and "five classics of Confucianism", in the formation of an educational method and the organization of a curriculum, he tried to find hint from the traditional educational style of ancient china. In addition, Mao also tried to find out the evidence and methods of why physical education should be important from ancient people, such as Confucius.