騒音・振動に関する社会反応とその特徴について

抄録

Since 1971 several social surveys have been carried out to investigate annoyance resulted from noise and vibration by aircraft, high speed railways, road traffic and factories or plants under commission of the Environment Agency of Japan. Throughout these surveys, the author has taken part in planning the surveys and statistical analysis of the investigation. In this paper, several significant characteristics of individual/social attitude to noise and vibration are discussed from the common standpoint through these surveys including methodological aspects. As the research objectives treated in this paper were to quantify the relation between annoyance response to noise or vibration and properties of respondent including physical factors such as noise exposure etc. , samples collected by the social surveys and physical measurements were analyzed by multi-dimensional analysis (quantification theory of qualitative data proposed by Dr. Hayashi). The results clarified in these analyses are as follows: (1) Disturbances by noise exposure are classified into three distinguished groups such as social activity disturbances (conversation, telephoning and listening to TV &amp radio), human activity disturbances (sleep, consideration and others) and physiological affects (headache and others) as shown in Fig. 2. Social activity disturbances have a large correlation with noise exposure as a physical factor in scaling annoyance rating. On the other hand, significance of the attitude can not be found in the case of physiological affects by noise exposure below the noise level of 100dB(A). (2) Noise sources which generate noise intermittently such as aircraft and high speed railways give no significant difference to annoyance as shown in Fig. 7. (3) The attitude to vibration has a clear distinction from that to noise exposure. Through the most significant factor to decide the attitude to annoyance by noise is noise exposure itself as a physical factor, in the attitude to vibration, noise annoyance or experience of exposure to vibration as a psychological factor masks the physical factor for decision of attitude. As the result, the accuracy of analysis is less in scaling disturbances by vibration with physical factors than in the case of noise. (4) It may be generally said that the probability distribution of annoyance with noise level as the variable is fit well for a normal distribution which has the standard deviation of about 5dB. On the other hand, the standard deviation exceeds 15dB in probability distribution of attitude to disturbances by vibration.