Health effects of radiation exposure is not easy for laymen/laywomen to understand because of numerous and complicated technical terms. First, basic notions on radiation including deterministic effects and stochastic effects are introduced. Second, the long-term cohort study on radiation effects to the atomic bomb survivors' health is introduced. Third, evaluation of health effects of radiation exposure is discussed with an illustration of misuse of linear non-threshold model. Finally, we touch briefly the fundamental issues in statistics regarding the interpretation of probability, with an introduction of the journal which recently declared to ban p-value.
