抄録
'Four-fold classification of beings' in cahp. 2 of the Categories depends upon two sorts of relations between two beings, as follows: (1)Y is said of a subject X(καθ' υποκειμενου του X λεγεται το Y), and (2)Y is in a subject X(εν υποκειμενω τω X εστι το Y), provided that X and Y designate some beings. (1)should be interpreted, not as being restricted to the case in which Y is the species or genus of X, but as more extensive or more abstracted. 'The individual man(X) : man as its species(Y)' or 'knowledge-of-grammar(X) : knowledge as its genus(Y)' given in this chapter is merely an instance of(1). In my interpretation, (1)means 'X is an element or subset of Y'. (2), as well, need not be restricted to the case in which X is a physical substance. 'A harmony is in notes'(the Topics 123a36-37), for example, can be thought of, as an instance of(2). Arguments in the Categories and those in the Topics have a close affinity with each other. This fact corresponds with my interpretation. For, from this fact we can have a well-founded conjecture that chap. 2 of the Categories gives an account of the fundamental structure common to, or abstracted from, all sorts of arguments such as those described in the Topics. Moreover, the consistency of a(linguistic-ontological) system developed in the Categories would be made sufficiently clear. According to my interpretation, (1) and(2)would be ascertained to be used consistently in this book all along(especially, in chap. 5 2b1-3 and chap. 10 1lb38-12a16)without introducing any modifications in their meaning.
