パフォーマンスレベルの違いが主観的努力度と疾走動作の関連性に及ぼす影響

抄録

    Subjective effort is an adjustment in output performance, dependent on an athlete’s perception and it is an important factor in sprint training. To gain information about utilizing subjective effort in sprint training, this study investigates changes in sprint running movement due to the different subjective effort of athletes at various performance levels. The participants were 15 male collegiate sprinters, who were divided into high-level (n＝7) and low-level (n＝8) groups based on their personal best times in the 100 m dash. The participants performed 50 m sprints at five levels of effort ranging from 60％ to 100％, with increases at 10％ intervals. The final 10 m of each sprint was recorded by two high-speed video cameras to analyze each participant’s movement. The results are summarized as follows.
    The decline in sprint speed at lower subjective effort was higher for the low-level group than high-level one. This was the reason why low-level group decreased swing back velocity of the leg with the change of knee joint angle increased below a subjective effort of 70％. And the achievement of sprint speed from a subjective effort of 90％ to maximum effort was not practical because of knee extension during support phase. Moreover, below a subjective effort of 70％, the low-level participants’ movement during support phase differed from that of maximum effort sprint running. In contrast, the high-level participants’ movement was the same even a subjective effort of 60％.