The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Leg Power using the ddrobotec^Ⓡ System ELITE leg press machine and other exercise performance, and to obtain useful findings for measurement evaluation methods and training methods. To achieve this purpose, 85 adult national team athletes and candidate athletes from Tochigi prefecture were included in this study. Leg Power (LP, 60, 80, 100, 120％ load of body weight per leg), body composition, isokinetic knee extension strength (60, 180deg/s), squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), rebound jump (RJ), maximum 1kp RPM and maximum anaerobic power by bicycle pedaling exercise, and 30m sprint was measured.

　The main results of this study are as follows.

　1) The maximum power obtained from the four relative load intensities was 2899.6 ± 543.5W on average for all subjects, and the load was 0.920 ± 0.133％ of body weight per leg.

　2) The correlation coefficients with LP that were greater than 0.7 were LP per body weight, knee extension muscle strength (60, 180 deg/s), and maximal anaerobic power.

　3) The correlation coefficients with LP per body weight that were greater than 0.7 were LP and SJ.

　4) The T-score table developed in this study may provide useful information on achievement goal in rehabilitation training for adult national team athletes and candidate athletes.

　These results suggest that ddrobotec^Ⓡ System ELITE may be useful as a measurement evaluation and training method.

　This study aimed to clarify the current conditions that lead to the occurrence of fast breaks in basketball by focusing on outlet passes―plays that occur immediately after securing a rebound, one of the main triggers of fast breaks. Specifically, the relationships among the rebound acquisition position, the outlet pass reception position, and the outlet pass reception time were analyzed. The results showed that steals were the most frequent condition leading to fast breaks, followed by rebounds. The Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test indicated that outlet passes to the ball-side sideline were significantly more frequent when rebounds were obtained near the basket. Furthermore, rebounds secured beyond the free-throw line in the direction of play were significantly associated with outlet passes to the frontcourt. In addition, receiving an outlet pass within two seconds after securing a rebound significantly increased the likelihood of a fast break occurring. These findings suggest that the spatial and temporal characteristics of rebound-to-pass transitions are crucial for initiating successful fast breaks. From a coaching perspective, training that emphasizes quick outlet decisions and awareness of passing lanes may contribute to more effective transition play.

　The purposes of this study were to analyze in the throwing motion of a male para short stature javelin thrower (hereafter, para-athlete) for the identification of his technical problems, and to examine effects of a feedback training on the improvement in the throwing technique. A single para-athlete was videotaped to analyze his throwing motion in official competitions with the three-dimensional DLT method. The technical problems of the para-athlete were identified by comparing with the averaged motion of twelve student javelin throwers as a reference (hereafter, reference throwers). The improvement in throwing motion of the para-athlete by the feedback training was conducted in his daily training sessions and an immediate feedback training session using a turbo jab. The horizontal velocity at release of the para-athlete was smaller than that of the reference throwers. One of the features of the throwing motion for the para-athlete was smaller trunk rotation and smaller forward lean of the trunk than the reference throwers. Further, the hip rotation of the para-athlete was smaller in all phases than the reference throwers. His record increased by 51 cm and the feedback training conducted for ten months changed his awareness of the throwing technique and improved his techniques, such as a greater forward lean of the trunk, which would lead to the increase in the horizontal velocity of the javelin at release.

　The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic variables of the handle start, which uses a starting block equipped with handles, and the kick start, which does not involve handles, in male competitive swimmers. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the effects of the immediate adoption of the handle start in a competitive setting.

　Eight high school swimmers and four collegiate swimmers participated in the study. Each swimmer performed two kick starts, completed two practice sessions of the handle start, and conducted two handle-start trials with maximum effort. Two video cameras (60 fps) were used to capture kinematic data. The study specifically analyzed hand-off time, block time, 15-m time, attitude angle at take-off, attitude angle on entry, and horizontal velocity at take-off. Two sample t-tests and effect sizes were used to compare the kinematic variables.

　The results revealed that the hand-off time (p = 0.02), block time (p = 0.03), and 15-m time (p = 0.03) were significantly longer for the handle start compared to the kick start. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in the attitude angle at take-off, attitude angle on entry, or horizontal velocity at take-off. Based on the results of this study, it is not recommended to introduce the handle start in competitive settings without adequate prior practice.

　This study aimed to examine longitudinal changes in collective cohesion and to explore contributing and contextual factors by conducting a case analysis of a university varsity baseball team over approximately six months, from the offseason in December to the end of the spring season in June. The observation period was divided into four phases: (1) team-organized events period, (2) offseason, (3) preseason games, and (4) official season games. Using the Collective Cohesion Questionnaire in Sport developed by Sugiyama et al. (2021), surveys were conducted 13 times during the study period. The results revealed an overall upward trend in collective cohesion throughout the six months. Notably, experiences of victory during official games significantly contributed to increased cohesion, and team-organized events were also suggested to potentially have a positive influence. In contrast, periods with reduced interaction, such as the offseason, and phases where the team was divided, such as during preseason games, showed stagnation or decline in cohesion. These findings suggest that collective cohesion is a dynamic construct that fluctuates depending on the team's activities and situational context.