スポーツ動作における運動時間と正確性の関係

－バスケットボール競技3ポイントショットによる検討－

抄録

    The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship in sports movement between execution time and accuracy in basketball three-point shots. Skilled university female basketball players attempted three-point shots in succession under three different time conditions―normal, short and long shot times. Using a timer buzzing at fixed intervals, experienced basketball players passed a basketball to the subjects who would catch it and take the shot. Each trial consisted of five sets of 20 shots/set. Measured items were shot success rates, shot time structure and variations of shot movement.
    Successful shooting percentages were significantly lower for the short shot times than the other conditions. Furthermore, in conjunction with a shortening of the shot time, it was revealed that shot preparation time decreased on the whole. This means that having or not having the time necessary for preparation greatly influenced shot performance. Unevenness of the movement was significantly greater in the short time condition than the other conditions. From this, it is clear that increase in unevenness is related significantly to the drop in shot success rate, and it may be said that steadiness of shot movement is one of the important factors for performance improvement.
     Based on the foregoing, it cannot be simply said that accuracy and execution time are tradeoff relations for sports movement, and it is thought there are most suitable times for execution.