過酷な自然環境における実践知：

南極観測フィールドアシスタントのリスクマネジメントの分析

抄録

 In order to investigate practical knowledge for risk management in extreme natural environment, interviews were conducted with seven Field Assistants of Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, who were in charge of safety of the expedition. From 194 segments obtained from the transcptions, belief and risk management strategies were identified by qualitative analysis referring to GTA (Glaser & Strauss, 1969; Saiki, 2006). 35 categories, which have two important property, timing and information sources of risk management, were found. Those categories were grouped into five super categories; <Off-site risk reduction referring to past concrete information>, <Hybrid use of past concrete information and on-site cues with awareness of uncertainty>, <On-site risk treatment with sensitivity to risk cues>, <Acquisition of practical knowledge through reflection of dilemmas and awareness of uncertainty>, and <cherished opinions for safety control>, and a cognitive model of risk management in the extreme natural environment was proposed. At off-site, risk reduction was conducted by referring to past similar situations, or with accidental or successful cases, while at on-site,risk treatment was conducted by referring to transition of risk factors or sensible cues which can only be obtained at onsite. Balance between on-site /off-site risk treatment was altered according to the characteristics of risk sources. Negative evaluation of one's risk management like awareness of uncertainty or limitation of data through reflection was regarded as contributing to better risk management in the extreme environment in which even small failure would be critical. Finally,the proposed model was compared to existing cognitive model of decision making in hi-stake environment (e.g., Hollnagel et al., 2006; Klein, 1998) and concluded that the model has merit of clarifying the collaboration of on-site/ off-site risk treatment.