教育ODAソフト化政策の課題設定過程に関する研究(II 研究報告)

抄録

This study focuses on the issue of ODA education policy toward soft-oriented projects as a case approach to analyze agenda setting at the central government level. Its purpose is to examine the factors of agenda formulation of soft-oriented projects policy, as well as the factors of inaction. To achieve this purpose, Kingdon's "Policy Window" model of policy science is applied to analyze the policy process. It has been pointed out that Japanese Education ODA has given too much emphasis on hard-projects, and the policy shift from a hard-projects orientation to a soft-projects orientation has been suggested in many international conferences and policy papers. Suddenly, in the administrative ad hoc committee on the International Education Cooperation of 2001, a soft-projects oriented educational ODA policy was set as the agenda. As the result of examining the factors and backgrounds of this "problem stream" of this soft-projects oriented policy becoming tangible as a policy agenda, there were also demands from ODA policy, such as preparing for the next G8 Summit meeting, the formulation of ODA policy for the education sector and its issues, and the visibility of Japanese aid. There were also financial reasons for soft-projects, as they can be expected to show a high cost-effective performance. Contrastingly, four determinants were found as the reasons for inaction concerning this soft-projects oriented "policy stream" as follows : 1) the technical feasibilities were quite low because of a lack of educational experts related to soft-projects, 2) the value system of the education ODA policy community functioned as a constrain, 3) hard-projects were more effective to expand the share of education ODA and easier for policy evaluation, 4) there was an inadequate mechanism of ODA policy formulation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Finally, coupling with the "problem stream" and the "policy stream", it was the "political stream" that made it possible to set up this soft-projects oriented policy. This "political stream" was the emergence of the Koizumi administration in April 2001, which pushed this stream to open a "policy window" with overwhelming public support.