In this study, we examined the differences in food preparation efforts and their causes. We used two-step online survey data comprising 50,000 samples with 726 samples in each step. We clustered the data by the degree of effort, obtaining four clusters of individuals—those who enjoyed preparing and expressed concern for every meal, enjoyed preparing dinner, sought to minimize their efforts, and preferred quick meals in all situations. We then measured the food values using the best–worst scaling method and found that attitude differences toward food preparation were well characterized by differences in food values and socioeconomic conditions.
