2000 年 89 巻 p. 299-311
Column and thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of the following carotenoids in the thalli 70 lichen species (87 specimens) from Central Europe: α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, 3'-epilutein, zeaxanthin, 4'-hydroxyechinenone, α-doradexanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein epoxide, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, mutatoxanthin, luteoxanthin, phoenicoxanthin, auroxanthin, neoxanthin, diatoxanthin, β-carotene monoepoxide, mutatochrome, aurochrome, cryptoftavin, heteroxanthin, rhodoxanthin, capsochrome, apo-6'-lycopenal, bixin and β-citraurin.
The total content of carotenoids ranged from 1.53 in (Caloplaca citrina) to 161.04 μg g-1 dry wt in (Parmeliopsis ambigua).
