Effects of Energy and Non-Energy Beverage Intake on Food Intake in Healthy Women

Abstract

  This study is aimed to clarify the effect of energy and non-energy beverage intake on food intake and the association between energy compensation and habitual total energy expenditure. A randomized crossover study (sweetener condition (S condition) ; 225 kcal or artificial sweetener condition (AS condition) ; 0 kcal) was conducted. The subjects were 16 healthy women within 2 weeks after menstruation. Glucose level and subjective appetite were evaluated before beverage intake and 0, 20, 40, 60, 120 and 150 minutes after beverage intake. Ad libitum breakfast was served 60 minutes after beverage intake. One hundred fifty minutes after beverage intake, the subjects lived freely and their food intake was evaluated each day. The subjects wore an accelerometer for a week except for the experimental day. Habitual daily physical activity was evaluated. Compared to the S condition, the AS condition had significantly lower glucose levels before breakfast (p＜0.010), but significantly higher 120 minutes after beverage intake (after breakfast) (p＝0.004). Subjective appetite in the S condition was significantly higher than in the AS condition 60 minutes after beverage intake (p＝0.034). However, energy intake from breakfast and beverage and total energy intake per day including beverage in the S condition were significantly higher than in the AS condition (p＜0.010). Habitual daily physical activity was not correlated with energy compensation (p＞0.05). In this study, it was suggested that the presence or absence of beverage intake affects glucose level and subjective appetite, but does not affect energy compensation.