The physical properties and palatability of custard cream when mixed with rice gel and faba bean flour in different proportions were investigated, and the evaluation method of the cream using sliding measurements was studied. The creams mixed with faba bean flour were harder, more adhesive and had higher viscous elements. The sensory evaluation showed that the cream made from rice gel was smooth and pleasant. Creams with a high proportion of faba bean flour had a strong bean flavor, a coarse texture, and were less palatable, while creams with a lower mixing proportion were rated as more palatable. The sliding curve suggested that the rice gel cream was the smoothest. Based on these results, cream made with rice gel alone was smooth and suitable as a substitute for wheat flour custard cream, whereas creams with faba bean flour to supplement protein were harder and more adheseive.

  Foam is generally evaluated using two indicators: foam formation and foam film stability. However, evaluations based on these two indicators and other conventional evaluation methods do not correlate with the persistence of foam during actual dishwashing. In this study, we proposed a new evaluation method that considers the effect of oil present as soil during the dishwashing process. We developed a new evaluation method for foam persistence, by comparing (dγ_t/dt) _max^* and ⊿ ( ＝ (dγ_t/dt) _max － (dγ_t/dt) _max^*).

  As a result of our investigation using a model composition system, we found that the nonionic surfactants C10MEA (1) and C12MEA (2) were highly effective in enhancing foam persistence. This new evaluation method can be applied not only to detergents and cleaning products, but also to the petroleum and gas industry, pesticides, the textile industry, and the construction industry.

  The Japan Housing Corporation was established in 1955 to alleviate the severe housing shortage during the period of rapid economic growth in the 1950's. In 2004, its operations were transferred to the Urban Renaissance Agency. There are 1,421 apartment complexes managed by the Urban Renaissance Agency nationwide. Of these, 867 complexes that began occupancy in 1980 or later are classified as adaptive reuse housing, a category that exceeds the 474 housing complexes designated for housing stock renewal.

  In recent years, the importance of reducing energy consumption at the household level has been increasing, in order to combat global warming and realize a sustainable society.

  In this study, we focused on three aspects of stock-utilized housing: residents' lifestyles, such as family structure and living habits, their awareness of energy consumption and the global environment, and actual energy consumption. Furthermore, we have proposed effective measures for reducing energy consumption by analyzing the attributes of the dwelling units such as size and layout.

  The study method involved a questionnaire survey conducted on residents living in stock-utilized housing to examine their energy consumption, awareness of the global environment, and energy consumption behaviors, which was then tabulated and analyzed. There was a high correlation between the number of occupants and energy consumption, as well as between the layout of the house and energy consumption. Regarding awareness and actions to reduce energy consumption, the respondents were found to be effective in "doing things for the global environment."

  Specifically, energy consumption was reduced by "saving water and electricity," "adjusting the temperature by wearing indoor clothing," and "adjusting the temperature of air conditioners." The results show that suggesting these appropriate methods to residents may be effective.