Health Checkup of Urological Disease

Abstract

 Health checkup is important for detecting urological disease as well as other systemic diseases. Proteinuria and glycosuria suggest kidney disease (glomerular disease) and diabetes, respectively. Microscopic hematuria, defined as more than four erythrocytes in high power field, indicates urological diseases. Among them, urothelial cancer should not be overlooked. Several risk factors for urothelial cancer have been proposed, including male over 40 years old, exposure to aromatic amines, phenacetin, cyclophosphamide and aristolochic acid, and radiation therapy.

 Ultrasonography detects many kidney diseases including renal tumor, smoking history, renal stone and hydronephrosis and diseases of urinary bladder and prostate such as bladder cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy.

 Thus, the checkup system enhances health of Japanese people.