鼻アレルギー発症の機構に関する研究

抄録

Various factors related to the mechanism of allergic reaction in the nasal mucosa were analyzed in 95 adult patients with nasal allergy; 75 were induced by house dust and 20 were induced by Japanese cedar pollen. Nasal mucosa of the inferior turbinate was excised from 20 patients with house dust allergy. Ten of the patients with non-atopic hypertrophic rhinitis were used as a control. The number of basophilic cells on the surface of the nasal mucosa in the allergic group was significantly larger (p<0.001) than that in control. In the patients induced by cedar pollen, the number increased significantly (p<0.001) in the season with apparent clinical symptoms. All the ratios of IgE antibody(Ab)/IgE, IgE-Ab/albumin and IgE-Ab/IgG on the surface of the nasal mucosa were higher than those in the deep layer, suggesting the local predominance of IgE on the surface of the nasal mucosa. In the patients induced by cedar pollen, IgE-Ab increased in the season. On the surface, histamine content in the allergic group was significantly larger (p<0.005) than that in control, but in the deep layer, there was no significant difference between both groups. In the rate of histamine release, there was no significant difference between the surface and the deep layers. The threshold of nasal mucosal sensitivity in the allergic group was significantly lower (p<0. 001) than that in control.
All these findings suggest that kinetics of various factors on the surface of the nasal mucosa would be much related to the mechanism of allergic reaction; the number of basophilic cells, local production of IgE antibody and the threshold of nasal mucosal sensitivity.