メニエール病の発作に関する基礎実験

抄録

In order to reveal the mechanism of attacks of Meniere's disease, endolymphatic pressure and concentration of electrolyte in perilymphatic fluid were measured using normal, under absorption and over production models of guinea pigs.
The following results were obtained,
1) In normal guinea pigs, the pressure of scala tympani was 26.1±10.5mmH₂O (n=9), the pressure of scala media was 29.0±6.6mmH₂O (n=7) and the pressure of CSF was 36.6±5.9mmH₂O (n=5).
2) In normal guinea pigs, the concentration of potassium and sodium ions were 3.4±0.5mEq/l (n=15) and 159.9±9.0mEq/l (n=15) respectively in scala tympani, 9.6±0.5mEq/l (n=15) and 148.8±12.9mEq/l (n=15) respectively in scala vestibuli.
3) There was no difference in labyrinthine pressure between guinea pigs with hydrops caused causarization of endolymphatic sac and normals. No difference was observed between endolymphatic and perilymphatic pressure in guinea pigs with hydrops.
4) In guinea pigs with hydrops caused causarization of the endolymphatic sac, the concentration of electrolytes in perilymphatic fluids was within normal range.
5) Endolymphatic hydrops due to under absorption of sac was considered to be a model of the remissiona.l stage of Meniere's disease.
6) A remarkable increase in the concentration of potassium ions in the perilymphatic space was observed in cases with the application of 10cmH₂O pressure into the scala media.
7) It was suspected that a variation of symptoms of Meniere's disease would be caused by the perforation site of Reissner's membrane.
8) It was suspected that attacks of Meniere's disease would be caused by the increasing of endolymphatic pressure and potassium concentration in the perilymphatic space, especially the latter,
9) Administration of Glycerol and Isosorbide reduced endolymphatic pressure of guinea pigs with hydrops.
10) The epidural opening of the endolymphatic sac is effective for moderating the increase of endolymphatic pressure.