インドネシア中部ジャワにおける地域社会に根ざしたリハビリテーション (CBR) に関わる開発組織の持続要因

―外部機関の支援と地域住民による組織化プロセスの比較から―

抄録

Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) is a social development that focuses on disability issues. It was issued by United Nation agencies such as the World Health Organization and has been implemented in more than 90 countries over the world. However the sustainability of its activities has been an issue since 1980s. CBR's sustainability has been discussed particularly in the realm of the motivation of community volunteers, but it is necessary to analyze the structure of the organization. This study sought to identify the characteristics of an unsustainable organization established by an outside institution and a sustainable organization established by the local community. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation and collection of written documents were conducted in G village in central Java, Indonesia from 2004 to 2006. The CBR committee was established by the C agency in 1994, but CBR activities gradually declined activities after the C agency completed its intervention in 1997 and finally ceased. After that, a new organization was established by the local community which implemented social activities including disability issues. The CBR committee was dismissed because the C agency took over the organizational costs including decision-making and helped unify the members. The self-organized committee was sustainable because it (1) arranged an organizational environment at low organizational cost, (2) mobilized resources because the benefits of the organization were recognized by the community, and (3) established an institution which distributed resources mobilized from the community to the organizational administration.