Japanese-gardens from the Viewpoint of Culture in Spacing

Abstract

In this study I tried to clear the foundamental space structure of residential gardens in Japan by the methodology of authropocentric environmental system.
At first, I defined culture anew. In short, it should be environmental system how to live over a clertain period, I think. Therefor, we must grasp essentially owner's independent condition and its environment in gardening.
We can see often now, in many housing plans in Japan, the loss of individual character in each garden and taking some uniform styles. It would be the reflect of the social culture in Japan. At the same time, we can see often, each owner change the plan breaking an agreement between resident and constructive organ. Next, on 59 san-sui gardens in Tokyo since feudal age, we get their statistical datas of transition of water sources of ponds. It shows, there are several close environmental system between gardens and their regional area.
I tried to study to clear the prototype of environmental system at Sakura-mura, Ibaragiprefecture and Sawauchi-mura, Iwate-prefecture. The later had the close system combined gardens and their mountain stream environmental system. I suggested that it is human scale and foundamental system to keep healthy each garden and living system in mountain village, through analysis of 3 type water system in Waga-river basin.