日本人の食生活の現状と課題

―国民健康・栄養調査の結果から

抄録

　The current status and issues of Japanese dietary habits from the results of the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan would be discussed. Total energy intake and protein intake of Japanese in the past 45 years showed a decreasing trend. On the other hand, fat intake increased, but carbohydrate intake decreased. According to the physical condition survey of the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey, the proportion of obese individual (BMI≧25 kg/m²) was higher for men in their 20s to 60s compared with the goal for Healthy Japan 21 (secondary), and the proportion for thinness (BMI<18.5 kg/m²) was higher for women in their 20s. In older people, physical working hours, protein intake and oral function were associated with trend in malnutrition. Salt intake has been decreasing during a decade, however further improvement should be needed. At present, prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in men in their 20s to 60s, prevention of young women’s thinness and elderly people’s frailty might be issues. In order to resolve these issues, utilization of a Japanese Food Guide, Smart-meal system and nutrient labeling on foods, maintenance of appropriate body weight, Shokuiku throughout individual’s life, utilization of Exercise and Active Guides, maintenance for oral health, etc. might be effective. These strategies might lead to the extension of the healthy life expectancy.