推論スキーマによる問題状況の理解
場面認識の条件について
1990 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 89-95
詳細
1990 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 89-95
To understand a problem situation, people remember a similar situation, leading sometimes to a false understanding. In order to correctly recognize what scene the problem is connected with, it is necessary to understand how the relevant “reasoning schema” would explain the problem situation. In experiment 1, junior college students were to read the descriptions of a phenomenon. When given only the explanation on the basic principle, they concentrated on irrelevant parts of the phenomenon. In experiment 2, college students were to read the description of the phenomenon and the basic principle with the information on its similarity in some situation. Their attention was directed to the expected part of the phenomenon. In experiment 3, college students read the description of the phenomenon and the basic principle with different kinds of explanations. When the situation was seen in the concrete model of a “reasoning schema”, many students could correctly understand the problem situation.
