中高層集合住宅居住者の住居移動

福岡市での事例研究

抄録

A previous paper by the author (1987) analyzed spatial patterns of residential mobility of high-rise building dwellers with reference to their direction and distance and attempted to clarify the reasons for migrating from the previous residence and selecting present houses in the case of Hiroshima City. This paper will try again to find the directional and distance bias of migration of high-rise building dwellers and clarify their resons for moving from their previous houses and selecting their present houses in the case of Fukuoka City. The main results are summarized as follows:
1. According to a summary of questionnaires of 206 sampled dwellers in 22 high-rise buildings in Fukuoka City, it was recognized that many of the sampled dwellers migrated within the neighborhoods of their previous dwelling. Thus short distance migrations are predominant among high-rise building dwellers in Fukuoka City as well as in Hiroshima City. Therefore the sampled dwellers' migration has a distance bias, as found in the works of Simmons (1968), Johnston (1969) etc.
This distance bias differs from one group to another according to such attributes as age, occupation, academic career, or location of their residence. There is a trend that members of the young household group move longer distances than other older household groups. Also, the migration distance of the elder household group has a smaller standard deviation, so their migration has a short distance bias because they are attached to their neighborhoods. Those engaged in commerce and service industries, who are well rooted in their localities, move shorter distances than other occupational groups. This tendency in Fukuoka City is the same as in the case of Hiroshima City. But little clear difference is found in migration distance among subgroups at a significant level of 5% by t-test and F-tests.
Also, distance bias differs by resident location. Migrations of residents near the CBD or far from the CBD are longer-distance migrations than that of residents who live in the middle distance from the CBD. And the distance of migrations of many sampled dwellers in the eastern sector from the CBD are long, since the eastern sector has geomorphological restrictions.
2. From examining the migration directions by 8 sectors divided equally around the CBD, it was discovered that about 30% of the sampled dwellers migrated within the same sector, and over 50% moved either within the same sector or from its adjacent sectors. This implies that residential mobility of the sampled dwellers in Fukuoka City has the same directional bias as the results of the study in Hiroshima City. This directional bias of residents near the CBD is not stronger than that of residents located on the fringe of the built-up area. Therefore Adams' model is better applied to the urban fringe than the neighborhoods of the CBD. Many of the elderly households (over 60 years old) migrated within their residential sector, so their migration has a stronger directional bias than other age groups. Also, long term residents in their present houses have a strong directional bias.
3. The residential structure of Fukuoka City was anaiyzed by the method of factorial ecology, using census data from 1980. The first factor was composed of some variables which indicate family status. Comparing factor scores of previous residence with that of the present one, many of the sampled dwellers migrated within the areas of equal level to the first factor score. So there is a trend for young householders migrate to the area where many young householders reside, and on the other hand the elderly migrate to the area where many elderly people reside.
4. Applying the two-stage model (Brown and Moore, 1970) in the decision-making process, an uncomfortable and inconvenient environment are major reasons for moving from the previous house. And remarkably, many of the sampled households moved because of work transfers.