反応時間と筋電図による各種スポーツ種目の上肢運動特性の解析

抄録

The electromyographic reaction time (EMG-RT) of biceps brachii muscle as an indicator of initiation of rapid forearm movement is reportedly different between flexion(F) and the supination (S), the EMG-RT of S being faster than that of F on both hands. Moreover, the EMG-RT difference between. F and S. (DFS) is considered to reflect the motor control system. The study undertaken here measured EMG-RTs of F and S among athletes of 12 different events which may or may not involue usage of their upper limbs (tennis, runnirig, soccer, fencing, table tennis, badminton, kendo, volleyball, gymnastics, shot put, discuss throw and javelin throw; 191 right handed subjects, 159 males and 32 females), and investigated the differences in the motor control systems between these sporting events. All subjects were asked to perform bilateral F and S responses by both forearms simultaneously to a peep sound as fast as possible. From results of different DFS_S, six sporting events (kendo, discuss throw, javelin throw, tennis, shot put and table tennis) were examined in EMG activities of both upper limbs in the movement specialities of these sporting events. Obtained results may be summaried as follows : 1. The DFS_S of' preferred hand were different among twelve sporting events but those of nonpreferred hand were not. 2: Twelve sporting events were possibly classified into three types. The first group was the type in which significantly dif'ferent DFS_s on the preferred hand was observed but not on the non-preferred hand (running, soccer, fencing, table tennis, badminton, volleyball and gymnastics). The second group was the type in which significantly different DFS_s was observed not only in the preferred hand but also in the non-preferred hand (tennis and shot put). The third group was the type in which no significantly different DFS_s was observed in both hands (kendo, discuss throw and javelin throw). 3. From EMG analyses of both upper limbs' movement specialities, specific EMG activities were observed in respective three types. From these results, presence of different motor control systems among 12 sporting events were suspected. The reasons of such different motor control systems were examined on the viewpoint of differential effects depending on motor learning of each sporting event and were discussed on the viewpoint of neuropsychological and motor behavioral mechanisms.