力量情報の短期保持におけるコーディング方略と強化回数の効果

抄録

The effect of the number of reinforcements on the short-term retention of isometric force information was investigated on two types of coding strategies, i.e., kinesthetic imaginal coding strategy (KC) and elaborative coding strategy(EC). The number of reinforcement was either l (R_1), 8(R_8), or 15 (R_15) on each of two coding strategies in Experiment l and either 15(R_15) or 60(R_60) on KC strategy in Experiment 2. The dependent variables were the absolute error (AE) and the constant error (CE) made by subjects in attempting to reproduce a criterion force during immediate (5sec.) and delayed (30 and 60sec.) recall trials. The criterion force was 15 kg in Experiment 1 and 7 kg in Experiment 2. The retention intervals were filled with the counting-backwards task. The results are summarised as follows: 1) In KC strategy, the main effect of reinforcements wan no significant for both the AE and CE analyses, while the AE significantly increased over the filled retention intervals and the CE was shifted in the positive direction over time in Experiment l. It was found, however, that the recall performance of R_60 was significantly superior to that of R_15 for both the AE and CE in delayed recall tests and that the CE moved significantly in the positive direction over time for R_15 but not for R_60 in Experiment 2. 2) In EC strategy, the main effect of reinforcements was significant for only AE analysis. The results showed that the performance of R_15 was significantly superior to that of R_1 in delayed recall tests, and that there was forgetting over time in R_1, while there was no forgetting in R_15. It was also found that the subjects of R_1 could not attain elaboration within a reinforcement trial in spite of the experimental condition. In addition, the results of post analyses revealed that the subjects of R_8 were classified into two subgroups, one which could attain elaboration and the other which could not attain elaboration, and that the former subgroup was similar to R_15 on the recall performance curve, while the latter was similar to R_1. These findings suggest that KC strategy is different from EC strategy in the retention characteristics of force information and that the recall accuracy of KC strategy is a positive function of the number of reinforcements where their range is sufficiently large, while that of EC strategy depends upon whether the elaboration can be attained or not within some reinforcement trials.