ジョージアの民族格闘技、チダオバとは？：

歴史・文化的背景から検討する

抄録

　Judo, which has become popular in more than 200 countries and regions, has developed while merging with both national and ethnic sports. Among them, chidaoba practiced in Georgia is a remarkable example of anethnic martial art. However, no literature in Japan has yet described the technical form and historical background of chidaoba in detail. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to clarify the essence of chidaoba by considering its historical and cultural background. The author has mastered basic Russian language skills and performed a search for academic essays and websites using keywords such as chidaoba or Georgia and ethnic martial arts in Russian. To ensure accurate translation from Russian into Japanese, the text was checked by several Japanese with native-level Russian language skills. Chidaoba matches were held on Christian holidays such as Saint George’s Day and the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral Holiday. Thus, chidaoba took root in cities and rural areas as an irreplaceable festival event. Later, when the Christian church banned some forms of ethnic entertainment and physical exercise, only chidaoba was exempt. Before a match, competitors were obliged to perform the traditional dance, kartuli or palavnuri. In chidaoba, any type of grasping from the waist and upper body is allowed, while grasping below the waist is prohibited. There are a wide variety of techniques in chidaoba, such as throwing from close contact, foot throwing, foot sweeps, reaps, and hooks. Due to the diversity of Georgians, ethnic groups vary from region to region. Moreover, there are several different forms of martial arts in the mountainous areas of Georgia, which are very different from chidaoba. In 2018, chidaoba was registered as an Intangible Cultural Asset. The results of this research should serve as a basic material for clarifying the outline of the Georgian ethnic martia art chidaoba.